Fire Weather Definition, Conditions, Watches, Warnings

The types of weather that create favorable conditions for the start and spread of wildfires are collectively referred to  as  fire weather. Conditions Warm Temperatures: Air temperature has a direct influence on fire behavior. The warmer the air temperature, the more the fuel sources (leaves, grass, branches, logs, etc.) are already heated by the sun, and the less additional heat is needed to ignite a spark.Winds: Theres a reason for the expression Dont fan the flames. Wind increases the supply of oxygen which causes a fire to burn hotter. As it blows over a surface, it also removes moisture/increases evaporation, which dries the fuel source out even more. Finally, wind can increase the spread of fire by blowing hot embers to new areas outside of the parent fire.Low Relative Humidity: Recall that relative humidity tells us how much moisture (in the form of water vapor) is in the air versus how much moisture the air could hold at its current temperature. The lower the RH, the quicker the moisture will leave a fuel source and the more readily a fire will start and burn.Instability: Atmospheric stability describes the atmospheres tend ency to either resist or encourage vertical motion. If the atmosphere is unstable, air easily moves upward. This type of environment increases fire activity because the vertical movement and mixing of air (updrafts) and increases the potential for gusty surface winds. Other weather conditions and events that can impact fires, and even cause them, include lack of recent rainfall, drought conditions, dry thunderstorms, and lightning strikes. Fire Weather Watches Warnings While the above-listed conditions are notorious for fueling  fires, the National Weather Service (NWS) will not issue official warnings until certain  threshold values—called  red flag criteria, or critical fire weather conditions—are  forecast to  occur. While red flag criteria may differ from state to state, they usually include relative humidity values of  20% or less and winds of 20 mph (32 km/h) or higher.   Once a forecast suggests red flag criteria are likely  to be met, the NOAA National Weather Service then  issues one of two products to warn the public and area management officials of the potential threat to life and property should fire ignition occur: a Fire Weather Watch or a Red Flag Warning. A Fire Weather Watch is issued 24 to 48 hours before the onset of red flag criteria, whereas a Red Flag Warning is issued when red flag criteria are already occurring or will occur within the next 24 hours or less. On days when one of these alerts is  in effect, you should avoid outdoor burning activities, such as:   Burning trash, leaves, brush, and yard trimmingsBurning outdoor luminary candles (lanterns, tiki torches, etc.)Setting off fireworksDiscarding cigarettes outdoorsBuilding large campfires and leaving these unattended.   Incident Meteorologists In addition to issuing fire weather alerts, the National Weather Service deploys specially trained forecasters to locations where large  wildfires are active. Called Incident Meteorologists, or IMETs, these meteorologists  provide on-site weather support (including weather monitoring and daily fire weather briefings) to the command staff, firefighters,  and other incident personnel. Latest Fire Weather Data The most up-to-date fire weather information is  available through these sources:   NOAAs Storm Prediction Center Fire Weather Forecasts  highlights  areas in the contiguous U.S. where a significant threat of wildfires exists during the next 8 daysNWS Red Flag Warning Products lists U.S. locations with current active  red flag watches and warningsInciWeb is a log of national wildfires that includes information such as fire type and total acres burned

Behaviorism Was A Slow Revolution - 1604 Words

Behaviorism was a slow revolution that proved to become a popular study within psychology that lasted through the second decade of the twentieth century and through the beginning of the cognitive science revolution (Behjamin, 2014). During this time, there had been a vast amount of academic individuals that contributed to the multifaceted studies within the context of behaviorism. Many of the studies within this movement were based on the concept that all behaviors are the result of conditioning which the individual could be trained in an identified manner regardless of their previous background. In respect to the worldview of this psychological approach, it assumes a learner is essentially passive, responding to environmental stimuli (n/a, 2016). The theory discusses that the learner begins with a clean slate and the behavior is then shaped through the use of negative or positive reinforcement or reinforcement which increase the probability that the antecedent behavior will occur ag ain (n/a, 2016). In contrast, punishment (positive and negative) decreases the likelihood the antecedent behavior will occur again. In respect to the act of positive reinforcement, the application of a stimulus in action, negative indicates the withholding of a stimulus (n/a, 2016). Learning is defined as a change in behaviors of the learner, but in this approach, it is considered to be created with reinforcement. In regards to the benefits of allowing researchers to investigate observableShow MoreRelatedEvolution of Cognitive Psychology1054 Words   |  5 PagesResearchers attempted to study thought through introspection. However, introspection was not impartial because individuals are far too complex and do not share similar thoughts and ideas. Throughout this analysis the author explains the interdisciplinary perspective in relation to cognitive psychology, the emergence of cognitive psychology as a discipline, and the impact of the decline of behaviorism on the discipline of cognitive psychology. Interdisciplinary Perspective Many subRead MoreThe Intellectual Roots Of The Behaviorism Movement2174 Words   |  9 Pages Although the intellectual roots of the behaviorism movement predate Watson’s ideas, there were other contemporary academic individuals within the field of psychology is identified him as the founder of this movement to move toward the study of behavior. Behaviorism began in the roots of the American Progressive Movement of 1880 to 1920 when Social Darwinism was taken seriously (Behjamin, 2014). Darwin demonstrated the morphological and behavioral ties that could be found between humans and theRead MoreApplying Learning Theories3548 Words   |  15 Pagesbehavioral manifestation of intelligence. B. F. Skinner later hardened behaviorist views to exclude inner physiological processes along with inward experiences as items of legitimate concern. Consequently, the cognitive revolution of the sixties styled itself as a revolt against behaviorism even though the processes cognitivism hypothesized would be public and objective and not the sort of private subjective processes Watso n banned. The philosophical assumptions underlying both the behavioral and cognitiveRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay2690 Words   |  11 Pagespracticing from centuries. However, with the development of modern science and advancements in the field of psychology, theorists have identified some more effective approaches for psychoanalysis. The most noticeable work in this regard was done by Sigmund Freud who was the first to develop modern techniques for psychoanalysis. Despite of the fact that Freud’s approaches towards psychoanalysis have received considerable criticism, they have proved to be beneficial in solving behavioral problems. It shouldRead MoreThe Great Depression By Albert Ellis1956 Words   |  8 PagesAlbert Ellis was one of the most influential psychologists in American history, who lived between September 27, 1913 and July 24, 2007. In junior high, Ellis had his sights set to become a great novelist. His original plan was to study accounting in high school an d college, retire around the age of 30, and write without having to worry about finances. Unfortunately, the Great Depression stopped Ellis from furthering his dream. However, he managed to finish college with a degree in Business AdministrationRead MoreThis is an chapter by chapter summary of the book Becoming Attached, did it for extra credit11157 Words   |  45 Pagesyears because doctors found that many children in orphanages were prone to not being very intelligent later on in life and even some being mildly retarded with low IQ scores. Doctors also said that the children should gain an attachment to someone who was not going to be a permanent parent figure. This of course later changed with findings from the above doctors and researchers. Another important concept of this chapter is that some of the babies that were hospitalized in Bellvue were dying off. TheyRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Individual Assignment5793 Words   |  24 Pages Later, they will only complement the child if he has dressed himself perfectly (Alberto and Troutman, 2003). In (Types of reinforcement: 2009) B.F. Skinner, the researcher who articulated the major theoretical constructs of reinforcement and behaviorism, refused to specify causal origins of reinforcers. Skinner argued that reinforcers are defined by a change in response strength (that is, functionally rather than causally), and that which is a reinforcer to one person may not be to another. AccordinglyRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Individual Assignment5782 Words   |  24 Pagesmistakes. Later, they will only complement the child if he has dressed himself perfectly (Alberto and Troutman, 2003). In (Types of reinforcement: 2009) B.F. Skinner, the researcher who articulated the major theoretical constructs of reinforcement and behaviorism, refused to specify causal origins of reinforcers. Skinner argued that reinforcers are defined by a change in response strength (that is, functionally rather than causally), and that which is a reinforcer to one person may not be to another. AccordinglyRead MoreHistory of Management Thought Revision17812 Words   |  72 Pageslittle doubt that his contributions for his era were substantial. A. Taylor s Early Years 1. His family background provided no indication of what his career would be like. His father had money and property and his mother s family history was deeply rooted in colonial times. Taylor had the advantage of a fine prep school, travels to Europe, and a membership in an exclusive social club. Yet, due to failing eyesight, he did not go to Harvard as planned but started as a factory apprenticeRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesreferences. ISBN 0-226-52130-3 (pbk.) 1. Motion pictures—Semiotics. 2. Motion pictures— Philosophy. I. Title. PN1995.M4513 1991 791.43 014—dc20 90-46965 C1P The French edition of Christian Metz s Essais sur la signification au cinema, volume 1, was published by Editions Klincksieck in 1971,  © Editions Klincksieck, 1968. ÃŽËœThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials

Greek Architecture and the Parthenon Essay Example For Students

Greek Architecture and the Parthenon Essay Architecture according to Encarta 99 is the art or science of designing and constructing buildings. There are many different types of architecture, but they all eventually trace back to the Greeks and Romans. The Greek s roots lie in the Aegean civilization; nevertheless its particular characteristics have made it one of the most established influences in Western architecture. One of the most important and famous examples of Greek architecture is the Parthenon located on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. Greek architecture is usually broken up into four different periods: the Geometric and Orientalizing periods (c. 1100 BC to 650 BC), the Archaic period (c. 660 BC to 475 BC), the Classical period (c. 475 BC to 323 BC) and the Hellenistic period (c. 323 BC to 31 BC). Architecture of the Geometric and Orientalizing periods had more of a simple structure customarily made of mud brick and rubble. The plan of temples during this period was similar to that of the houses which evolved from circular to horseshoe like shapes and eventually rectangular. They were generally built on an east-west axis with an entrance and a columned porch at one end. In rectangular temples, the two side walls projected beyond the front wall to form a porch. In the rooms, a single row of wooden columns along the main axis supported the wooden beams of the gable roof. This style was later replaced with two rows of columns because it shadowed the image of divinity. During the Archaic period Greek society grew not only geographically, but also economically. This expansion led to the development of formal architecture and the use of marble and limestone. In the 7th century the Greeks started to build stone temples after the Egyptians, but in their own distinctive style. The temples were rectangular and stood on a low, stepped terrace in an enclosure, which was where their rituals took place. The smaller temples had a two-columned front porch occasionally with a portico in front of it. The large temples had front and back porches and sometimes it wold have a six-columned portico in front of each porch or else it would be surrounded by a colonnade. This colonnade was supported by a lintel under the roof. At this period architects developed two orders or styles of columns called Doric and Ionic. The Doric type columns are shorter and thicker. They had no bases and their capitals were made up of a square slab over a round cushion shape. These capitals were extremely heavy and spaced quite close in order to support the masonry. Their weight was distributed by the tapered and fluted shaft. Over every column vertical triglyphs were carved and between them were the metopes, which were painted at first, but later they were filled with painted reliefs. The Doric order predominated on mainland Greece and later spread to Western colonies. Columns in the Ionic style were derived from the cities on the islands and the coasts of Asia Minor. However, Asia Minor was exposed more to Egyptian and Asian influences rather than Greek. Therefore it featured capitals with spiral volutes, a more narrow shaft with fairly dissimilar fluting and an intricate and curvilinear base. The Classical period consists of three parts, the earlier period, the middle period and the late period. The Early Classical period began after the Persian invasion and Greek victory, which stimulated much activity in architecture due to the large amount of destruction. Athens, the dominant political and economic power was especially effected. Most of the temples were in the Doric style, but drifting away from the heavy proportions of the Archaic Doric style. .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 , .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .postImageUrl , .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 , .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4:hover , .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4:visited , .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4:active { border:0!important; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4:active , .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4 .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u982adccd97c4340c84c2255b3eac9ef4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Greek and Roman Architecture essay exampleThe Middle Classical period emerged during the 5th century BC. Architects began refining their work in order to counteract the obvious distortions of perspective. The temple terrace was now curved upwards in the center, the taper of the columns were made convex, the axes of columns were inclined inward and vertical lines were tilted either inward or outward. The Parthenon, one of the most important temples, was built during this period. The Parthenon was constructed between 447 BC and 432 BC by the architects Ictinus and Callicrates on the site of two earlier temples, the old Temple of Athena and the older Parthenon which was started in 488 BC and burned by the Persians in 480 BC. The Parthenon was meant to symbolize the power of the Athenian Empire and in particular that of Perikles, a politician who promoted its construction. It functioned as a place of worship for almost 2000 years until 1687 AD when the temple was exploded during the Turk and Venetian war. The Greek temples were thought to have an economic function as a bank which guarded to treasures for the gods. It was also used as a place for sacrificial purposes, which on the whole took place outside of the temples. The outside of Greek temples was generally considered to be more important than the inside therefore the exterior of the structure consisted of many sculptures. The temples had a large amount of space and were made of colonnades, which are rows of columns. The colonnades, located around the inner chamber had a strong contrast of light and dark color. The temple could be approached from all sides due to this structure. The architectural design of the Parthenon is known as Doric Peripteral, suggesting that it has a rectangular shaped floor with a sequence of low steps and a colonnade of Doric columns. The structure consists of almost entirely Pentelic marble from the renowned quarries on Mount Pentelikon, following the design of a typical Greek temple. It is encompassed by an abnormally large colonnade with eight narrow columns in the front and back and seventeen on each side. The ceiling of the colonnade was made of coffered marble. The sanctuary had two sections, which were entered through a shallow porch. The cella, which is the central part of the temple, contains two interior rooms called the naos and opisthodomos. The eastern cella is the largest; measuring approximately 100 feet contained the huge chryselephantine (gold-and-ivory) statue of Athena, protector of the city, and was supported by a two-story Doric colonnade on three sides. The smaller western cella was supported by four tall Ionic columns and the exterior of the Parthenon has Doric style columns, which consists of a simple design. During the Late Classical period the architectural stimulation decreased when the Greeks were defeated in the Peloponnesian War. The temples continued in the Doric style but the porch in the back was left out. The third and final order was that of the Corinthian order which was developed at this time. The Corinthian order consists of Ionic capitals, which were decorated with acanthus leaves. This style was much more fitting for use at corners with its four identical faces which giving it an advantage over the Ionic order. When the Greek city-states were conquered by Alexander the Great his armies brought the Greek culture and architecture to the Middle East, which was the beginning of the Hellenistic period. For small temples the Doric style continued to be used, however, for the larger temples the Ionic style became more popular. By this time the Corinthian style had spread causing the Corinthian columns to be more widely adopted by architects. The art of designing and constructing something, which is both practical and aesthetically pleasing, is not an easy task. However, the Greeks managed to overcome all of the problems which they faced to produce an example which is admired and followed by not only the Greeks themselves but by architects and people all over the world.

Giovannis Room free essay sample

A discussion of the role of the setting in James Baldwins `Giovannis Room. This paper uses three critical works to discuss the obscure setting of story line in this novel. The writer briefly describes the life of Baldwin growing up as a neglected child and never fitting in to the social circles he chose black man in a white mans world. The plot of the story is also analyzed as to how it connects with the lifestyle of the author. The writer concludes that Baldwins selection of a Parisian setting was larger due to his experiences as a gay black man. To better understand the thematic importance of Paris and the room in this book, we need to begin with the author. Baldwin, who was born at Harlem Hospital to an unmarried, 20-year-old woman, was teased as a child because he was small and effeminate. When he was three, his mother married David Baldwin, a laborer and Baptist preacher who was often violent and abusive to his family. We will write a custom essay sample on Giovannis Room or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At age 24, James Baldwin was scared and unhappy about the way blacks were treated in America. He had only $40 in his pocket, but he escaped to Paris where he did much of his writing. His passion for issues regarding race and sexually prompted him to write and publish more than 22 books of essays, fiction, poetry and drama.`